barberry. Berberine is reported to inhibit the oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl

hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in hepatocytes due to its antioxidative potential and inhibi-

tion of potassium and calcium ion channels in the rat hepatocytes (Anand and Lal

2016). Berberine was reported to possess significant hepatoprotective activity in

APAP-induced hepatic abnormalities (Zhao et al. 2018).

29.2.7.5 Naringenin

Naringenin is a flavonoid isolated mainly from Citrus paradisi belonging to family

Rutaceae. Naringenin is reported to decrease hepatic triglycerides (TGs) and hepatic

total cholesterol (TC). It also increases the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) which is

due to its antioxidant activity (Madrigal-Santillán et al. 2014). Naringenin is also

reported to show hepatoprotective activity in various models of hepatotoxicity such

as

carbon

tetrachloride

(CCl4),

alcohol,

N-methyl-N-nitro-nitroguanidine,

lipopolysaccharide

(LPS)

and

heavy

metals

through

its

antioxidant,

anti-

inflammatory and profibrotic signalling pathways (Hernández-Aquino and Muriel

2018).

29.2.7.6 Proanthocyanidins

Proanthocyanidins are the class of phenolic compounds which are widely available

in fruits, vegetables and various seeds. They are useful in the prevention of hepatic

fibrosis and normalize the serum albumin and total protein levels in hepatic fibrosis.

They are also used to reduce hepatic level of MDA (Madrigal-Santillán et al. 2014).

Proanthocyanidins were also reported to exert their hepatoprotective effect in cad-

mium- and ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats through their antioxidative

defence mechanisms (Bak et al. 2016; Miltonprabu and Manoharan 2016).

29.2.7.7 Silymarin

Silymarin is a compound from the class of lignans and obtained from Silybum

marianum belonging to family Asteraceae. It is a mixture of isomeric flavolignans

such as silybin, silychristin and silydianin. It shows anti-hepatotoxic activity by

hindering the α-amanitin to penetrate through the membrane into the nucleus cell

through competitively blocking the binding of phalloidin to receptors on the hepato-

cyte membrane surface (Valan et al. 2010). Silymarin is also reported to possess

hepatoprotective activity through its free radical scavenging ability in various

models of ethanol-, acetaminophen- and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity

(Vargas-Mendoza et al. 2014).

29.2.7.8 Andrographolide

Andrographolide is diterpenoid lactone obtained from Andrographis paniculata

belonging to family Acanthaceae. It shows hepatoprotective activity and improves

levels of various biochemical parameters like SGOT and SGPT, serum bilirubin and

hepatic triglycerides in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. This effect is due to its antiox-

idant activity (Handa and Sharma 1990).

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